Modern Taxonomy

Modern Taxonomy

Whitaker's five Kingdom System 1969

 
 

Monera	Bacteria (prokaryote)
Protista	Protozoa, algae
Fungi	Molds, yeast
Animalia

Woese's 3-Domain System 1990

 
 

1. Archaea
   
2. Eubacteria
   
3. Eukarya
   

    
    

   Archaea
   

   Eubacteria
   

    
    

 
 

Historical Foundations of Microbiology

 
 

1600's	Illness/death was considered as a sing, miasma
1700's	Microscope-animalcules
Spontaneous generation		Abiogenesis
Biogenesis		In order to have offspring you need al ivng thing

 
 

Tuskegee Project- Syphilis/1932-1972

 
 

Poor black people were lied that they received medical treatment when they weren't infected. Their feedings (sons and daughters) also become infected with syphilis.

 
 

History of Microbiology

 
 

• Early History ~1700
  

  Microscope - van Leeuwenhoek
  

  Biogenesis- Redi, Pasteur
  

• Golden Age (1879 - 1900)
  

  Fermentation and Pasteurization-Pasteur
  

  Germ Theory Disease- Pasteur and Koch
  

  Aseptic Techniques- Semmelweis and Lister
  

  Vaccination- Pasteur and Jenner
  

• Antimicrobial Therapy 1900's
  

  Chemotherapy - Ehrlich
  

  Antibiotics- Fleming
  

• Modern development + concerns
  

 
 

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723

 

Dutch Linen merchant

First to observed living microbes

Single- lens magnified up to 300x

 
 

Louis Pasteur 1822-1895

 
 

Showed microbes caused fermentation and spoilage

Disapprove Spontaneous generation

Developed pasteurization

Demonstrated "Germ Theory of Disease"

Developed rabies vaccine

Leeuwenhoek medal 1895

 
 

Jenner Edward

 
 

Develop the vaccine for small pox

 
 

Robert Koch 1843-1910

 
 

Koch's postulates; a sequence of experimental steps that verified the germ theory

Identified cause of anthrax, TB and colera

Developed pure culture methods.

Nobel Prize in 1905 discoveries TB

 
 

NOTE: He used gelatin to cultivate anthrax but it didn't work and he used something made by plants. Anthrax couldn't grow on gelatin because it is an animal disease. Gelatin was made from bones and junction of animals

 
 

Antimicrobial Agent

 
 

Erhlich 1910

Chemotherapy

Syphilis "magic Bullet"

Salvarsan

Nobel Prize 1908 for immunity

 
 

NOTE: Penicillin was mass market in World War II. Streptomycin (TB) was develop by Waksman from Rutgers

 
 

Aseptic Techniques

 
 

Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-1865) first proposed hand washing

Dr. Joseph Lister (1827-1912) introduced disinfection techniques to reduce microbes in medical settings

 
 

 
 

Sugar alcohol vinegar

Fruit wine

Yeast bacteria

fermentation

 

 
 

Fleming 1928

Antibiotics

Penicillium mold

Nobel Prize 1945 fro penicillin