Autotrophs

Autotrophs	Heterotrophs
Self-feeders	Other feeders
Photosynthetic microbes	Decomposing microbes
CO2 as carbon source	Organic carbon source
Environment bacteria , protist, fungi
Don't cause disease	Cause infection

Symbiosis: normal flora live in peace with us and same time benefit us .

 
 

Parasite: benefit from the host (don't kill the host)

 
 

Microbial Nutrition

 
 

Nacronutrients

 
 

Organic compound required in large amount composed of

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Phosphate

Sulfur

 
 

Micronutrients or Trace Elements

 
 

Elements and gases required in small amounts. Inorganic, metals (iron, manganese, zinc, nickels), and Gases CO2, O2, N2.

Water composes the remaining 70% of cytoplasm. More water more opportunity to growth.

 
 

 
 

_Catalyst

H2O

Peroxide

 
 

Energy Production in Heterotrophs

 
 

Fermentation

 
 

Sugar ----> acid or alcoholic/ CO2 + ATP (small amount) NOTE: slow process, no O2 required

 
 

Aerobic Respiration

 
 

Sugar + Oxygen -----> ATP + CO2 + H2O

 
 

Anaerobic Respiration

 
 

Sugar + nitrate (NO₃^-) ----> ATP + nitrite NO₂⁺

Sugar + sulfate (SO₄^2-)----->ATP + hydrogen sulfate (H₂S)

 
 

Temperature Requirements

 
 

Psychrophile: microorganism is capable to growth at 0o C optimum temperature is 15oC

Mesophile: organism that growth at intermediate temperature

Thermophile: organism growth at temperature greater than 45oC

 
 

pH Requirement

 
 

Acidophile: organism that live in pH 1-5

Neutrophile: organism that live in pH 5-9

Alkaliphile: organism that live in pH 8-12

 
 

Oxygen Requirement

 
 

Facultative Anaerobe: prefer oxygen if available. If not change to fermentation.

Microaerophile: prefer small amount of O2. It is present in mucous membrane

Capnohile: prefer CO2 concentration. It's presented in lungs

Aero tolerant Anaerobe: don't utilize O2

Obligate Anaerobe: organism that don't tolerate O2

Obligate Aerobe: need O2

 
 

H2O + O 2

Kill anaerobic bacteria

 
 

http://academic.pgcc.edu/~kroberts/Lecture/Chapter%206/06-03_O2Requirements_L.jpg

 
 

Osmotic Pressure in Bacteria

Hypertonic Solution: water follows out of cell membrane collapse but wall remains=plasmolysis

 
 

Hypotonic Solution: water goes inside the cell until cell explode. Gram negative

 
 

Isotonic Solution: water flows equally

 
 

NOTE:

Salt is important in water movement

Halophile: salt loving

Osmophile: hypertonic loving (diabetes)

 
 

 
 

Bacillus: survive hot temperature and form spores produce anthrax

 
 

Passive Transportation

 
 

Base on concentration

Water and salt go on different directions

No energy needed, moving with concentration high to low

 
 

Simply diffusion (O2 CO2) pass across bilayer

Facilitated diffusion (sugar, ions) no energy required, use protein channels

Osmosis (water) where is salt, water follows

 
 

Active Transport Across Membrane

 
 

Energy needs

Going against concentration

 
 

Group translocation the sugar goes in and attach to a phosphate (it's to big to go out). How bacteria repairs themselves and how they retain sugar.

Endocytosis and exocytose eukaryotes only

 
 

Binary Fission

 
 

A sexual reproduction

Chromosome replicates

Cytoplasm divides

Daughters cell are identical to each other and to former parent cell

 
 

Typical Growth

 
 

Lag phase	Adjustment
Exponential phase	Very quick growth you have symptoms
Stationary phase	No increase in number *all bacteria follow this phases the only variable is the time
Death (decline) phase	As rapid as exponential phase. You need your white cells and antibiotics

 
 

 
 

Quorum Sensing

 
 

When the bacteria sense that there are more around. They start to produce the toxin to kill the other cell. However that toxin only damage US.